ISO 14064-1:2018 provides specifications and guidance for organizations to systematically and transparently quantify and report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. Issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), this standard offers detailed instructions for businesses on identifying, quantifying, and reporting both direct and indirect emissions at the organizational level. Through GHG quantification, companies can better understand their environmental impact, develop effective emissions reduction strategies, meet environmental protection requirements, and strengthen their reputation with stakeholders.
 
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and fluorinated gases are primary contributors to global warming and climate change due to their heat-trapping capabilities in the atmosphere. Major emission sources include fossil fuel combustion in industry and transportation, livestock, and refrigeration systems. This phenomenon raises the global average temperature, posing significant threats to ecosystems and living conditions.
 
Greenhouse gas quantification involves gathering data on GHG emission sources, calculating the amount of GHGs emitted and removed within a specific scope and timeframe, following approved methods and procedures (Clause 9, Article 3, Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP by the Government: Regulations on GHG Emission Reduction and Ozone Layer Protection).
 
Under Article 5 of Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, facilities within designated sectors are required to conduct GHG quantification as specified by the Prime Minister. Decision No. 13/2024/QD-TTg, dated August 13, 2024, by the Prime Minister, provides a list of sectors required to carry out GHG quantification, including:
 
I. Energy: 1. Energy production; 2. Energy consumption in industry, commerce, services, and residential sectors; 3. Coal mining; 4. Oil and natural gas extraction.
II. Transportation: 1. Energy consumption in transportation.
III. Construction: 1. Energy consumption in construction; 2. Industrial processes in building materials production.
IV. Industrial processes: 1. Chemical production; 2. Metallurgy; 3. Electronics industry; 4. Products replacing ozone-depleting substances; 5. Other industrial products.
V. Agriculture, forestry, and land use: 1. Livestock; 2. Forestry and land-use change; 3. Crop production; 4. Energy consumption in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; 5. Other agricultural emission sources.
VI. Waste: 1. Landfills; 2. Biological waste treatment; 3. Waste incineration and open burning; 4. Wastewater treatment and discharge.
 
The GHG quantification process per ISO 14064-1:2018 - Part 1 is divided into the following main steps:
 
1. Define the quantification scope: Emissions are categorized into three scopes:
Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions from sources within a company’s control, including fuel combustion, biomass burning, GHG leaks, septic tanks, wastewater treatment, land management, crop production, and livestock.
Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions from imported energy, including electricity and other energy consumption (steam, heat, refrigeration, compressed air, etc.).
Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions (from sources outside the company's control).
2. Data collection: Record fuel, electricity, water, and other resource consumption from identified emission sources.
3. Emission calculation: Use formulas and emission factors from reputable organizations like the IPCC to calculate total GHG emissions.
4. Reporting: Present total emissions by gas and group, which can be verified by a third party to ensure transparency and accuracy.
5. Monitoring and updating: Perform periodic quantification to adjust processes and improve GHG management effectiveness.

The structure of a GHG quantification report includes the following core contents:
 
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES, GRAPHS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY SCOPE
CHAPTER 2: GHG QUANTIFICATION SCOPE
CHAPTER 3: GHG QUANTIFICATION
CHAPTER 4: VERIFICATION
CHAPTER 5: GHG MITIGATION STRATEGY
CHAPTER 6: REPORT MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: GHG Emission Sources Identification Table
Appendix 2: Emission Factor Management Table
Appendix 3: Operational Data Management Table
Appendix 4: Measurement Uncertainty Assessment Table

Conducting greenhouse gas quantification offers numerous benefits, including increased transparency, enhanced corporate reputation, and compliance with legal requirements. Additionally, businesses can improve resource efficiency, reduce waste, and build a sustainable development reputation in the global market. This activity promotes the transition to renewable energy and clean technology, minimizing climate impacts and progressing toward a sustainable green economy.
 
For clients needing GHG quantification and emissions reporting per Decree No. 06/2022/ND-CP, please contact:
 
GIC VIETNAM
12F, 14 Lang Ha Building, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi
Tel: 024.6275 2268, Fax: 024.6275 2269, Email: tuandm@gicvn.vn
HCMC Office: R502, 160 Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, Tel: 028.39307936